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Creators/Authors contains: "Bundy, Kevin A"

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  1. We study the quiescent ultradiffuse galaxy FCC 224 in the Fornax cluster using Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging, motivated by peculiar properties of its globular cluster (GC) system revealed in shallower imaging. The surface brightness fluctuation distance of FCC 224 measured from HST is 18.6 ± 2.7 Mpc, consistent with the Fornax cluster distance. We use Prospector to infer the stellar population from a combination of multiwavelength photometry (HST, ground-based, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) and Keck Cosmic Web Imager spectroscopy. The galaxy has a mass-weighted age of ∼10 Gyr, metallicity [M/H] of ∼ −1.25 dex, and a very short formation e-folding time of τ ∼ 0.3 Gyr. Its 12 candidate GCs exhibit highly homogeneous g_475−I_814 colors, merely 0.04 mag bluer than the diffuse starlight, which supports a single-burst formation scenario for this galaxy. We confirm a top-heavy GC luminosity function, similar to the two dark matter deficient galaxies NGC 1052-DF2 and DF4. However, FCC 224 differs from those galaxies with relatively small GC sizes of ∼3 pc (∼35% smaller than typical for other dwarfs), and with radial mass segregation in its GC system. We are not yet able to identify a formation scenario to explain all of the GC properties in FCC 224. Follow-up measurements of the dark matter content in FCC 224 will be crucial because of the mix of similarities and differences among FCC 224, DF2, and DF4. 
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  2. NGC 1052-DF2 and -DF4 are two ultradiffuse galaxies that have been reported as deficient in dark matter and associated with the same galaxy group. Recent findings suggest that DF2 and DF4 are part of a large linear substructure of dwarf galaxies that could have been formed from a high-velocity head-on encounter of two gas-rich galaxies, known as a “bullet dwarf” collision. Based on new observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, combined with existing imaging from theuband to mid-infrared, we test the bullet dwarf scenario by studying the morphologies and stellar populations of the trail dwarfs. We find no significant morphological differences between the trail dwarfs and other dwarfs in the group, while for both populations, their photometric major axes unexpectedly align parallel with the trail. We find that the trail dwarfs have significantly older ages and higher metallicities than the comparison sample, supporting the distinctiveness of the trail. These observations provide key constraints for any formation model, and we argue that they are currently best explained by the bullet dwarf collision scenario, with additional strong tests anticipated with future observations. 
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  3. Vernet, Joël R; Bryant, Julia J; Motohara, Kentaro (Ed.)
  4. Geyl, Roland; Navarro, Ramón (Ed.)
  5. Vernet, Joël R; Bryant, Julia J; Motohara, Kentaro (Ed.)